Rekommendationer avseende anti-inflammatorisk och immun-modulerande behandling i samband med graviditet och amning

Uppmuntra patienten att planera graviditeten till en period då sjukdomen är lågaktiv, helst sedan minst 6 månader tillbaka. Då detta inte alltid är möjligt, och då graviditet i sig kan ge upphov till ökad sjukdomsaktivitet, kommer många patienter att vara i behov av läkemedel. Data talar också för att hög sjukdomsaktivitet under graviditeten innebär ökad risk för negativa graviditets- och förlossningsutfall såsom förtidig födsel och tillväxthämning vilket måste beaktas i val av behandling.

En annan viktig läkemedelsaspekt är förstås risk för teratogena effekter. Den mest vulnerabla perioden för detta är från 4 fullgångna graviditetsveckor fram till vecka 10 med en glidande övergång till vecka 12, det vill säga ofta före tidpunkten för inskrivning på Mödravårdscentralen. Det är därför av stor vikt att patienter (män och kvinnor) med aktuell eller framtida barnönskan noggrant informeras om att graviditet bör planeras så att den medicinska behandlingen i god tid kan justeras. Det är också viktigt att behandlade läkare efterhör att patienten använder sig av en effektiv preventivmetod inför start, och under behandling, med teratogena läkemedel. Om graviditet uppstår hos en kvinna som är exponerad för teratogena läkemedel tiden runt konception och/eller i tidig graviditet bör beslutet att fortsätta, eller avbryta, graviditeten göras i samråd med kvinnan, hennes partner, specialistmödravården samt behandlade reumatolog.

Risken att framkalla fosterpåverkan med läkemedel måste alltid vägas mot risken av att inte förebygga eller behandla en kronisk sjukdom. I varje enskilt patientfall bör därför behandlande läkare överväga om indikation föreligger för fortsatt behandling. Lägsta möjliga dos av samtliga preparat skall alltid eftersträvas.

Vaccination av barn

Beträffande rekommendation kring vaccination av barn, som har exponerats för immunmodulerande läkemedel under graviditet eller amning, hänvisas till individuell läkarbedömning med utgångspunkt från det nationella dokumentet ”Vägledning för vaccination med levande försvagade vaccin, av barn som under graviditeten eller vid amning exponerats för immunmodulerande läkemedel”, vilket återfinns på hemsidan för ”Rikshandboken Barnhälsovård för professionen”.

Texten om hydroxiklorokin TNF-hämmare och män har omformulerats. Tabeller och referenser har uppdaterats. Tillägg av guselkumab. Ny text i stycket ”vaccinationer av barn”.

Avseende teratogenicitet och nedsatt fertilitet hos män till följd av antiinflammatorisk och/eller antireumatisk behandling finns sparsamt med kontrollerade data. Nedanstående rekommendationer baseras på i litteraturen tillgängliga uppgifter och är långt ifrån heltäckande. Vid de läkemedel där uppgifter saknas har vi valt att avstå från att ge någon rekommendation. Detta gäller bland annat för samtliga bDMARD, förutom TNF-hämmare och rituximab, samt JAK-hämmare och övriga ”targeted” syntetiska DMARD.

Beträffande filgotinib har djurstudier påvisat risk för fosterskador samt påverkan på spermatogenes och manlig fertilitet 116. Två fas 2-studier avseende fertilitet hos män har publicerats under 2022, där filgotinib jämfördes mot placebo. Ingen skillnad avseende spermieparametrar eller könshormoner noterades mellan grupperna.135

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